ASML Holding

ASML makes the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and deep ultraviolet lithography machines that print the finest transistor patterns for every leading-edge chipmaker. It holds a global monopoly on EUV lithography, the tool required to make sub-7nm logic and advanced memory. ASML shipped a record number of EUV and High-NA EUV systems in 2025 to customers including TSMC, Samsung, and Intel.

Ecosystem functionThe sole supplier of EUV lithography, making it the single most irreplaceable chokepoint in the entire chip industry.

Business modelSells lithography systems and services